The revolt then spread to several regions of the country. Three days later (17 July), the revolt began with an army uprising in Spanish Morocco. This assassination had an electrifying effect which provided a catalyst to transform what was a "limping conspiracy", led by General Emilio Mola, into a powerful revolt. On 12 July 1936, a group of Guardia de Asalto and other leftist militiamen went to opposition leader José Calvo Sotelo's house and mortally shot him. The disenchantment with Azaña's ruling was voiced by Miguel de Unamuno, a republican and one of Spain's most respected intellectuals, who said that President Manuel Azaña should commit suicide as a patriotic act. The Right abandoned the parliamentary option and began to conspire to overthrow the Republic, rather than taking control of it. Manuel Azaña Díaz was called upon to form a government before the electoral process had come to an end he would shortly replace Zamora as president, taking advantage of a constitutional loophole. Meanwhile, fifty churches and seventy conservative political centres were attacked. Within hours, sixteen people were killed, and thirty-nine were seriously injured. The revolutionary left wing masses took to the streets, released prisoners. The Popular Front won the 1936 general election with a narrow victory.
#SPANISH AIRMAIL SERIES#
In 1935, after a series of crisis and corruption scandals, President Alcalá-Zamora, who had always been hostile to the government, called for new elections, instead of inviting CEDA, the party with most seats in the parliament, to form a new government. The rebellion was crushed by the Spanish Navy and the Spanish Republican Army, the latter using mainly Moorish colonial troops from Spanish Morocco. In the occupied areas, the rebels officially declared a proletarian revolution and abolished regular money. Armed revolutionaries managed to take the whole province of Asturias, committing numerous murders of policemen, clerics and civilians and destroying religious buildings and part of the University of Oviedo. The rebellion developed into a bloody revolutionary uprising, aiming to overthrow the republican government.
A general strike was called by the UGT and the PSOE in the name of the Alianza Obrera. The Socialists triggered an insurrection that they had been preparing for nine months. In October 1934, CEDA was finally successful in forcing the acceptance of three ministries. CEDA was denied cabinet positions for nearly a year. Instead, he invited the Radical Republican Party's Alejandro Lerroux to do so. However the President declined to invite its leader, Gil Robles, to form a government, fearing CEDA's monarchist sympathies. The subsequent 1933 election was won by the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA). Soon, Azaña lost parliamentary support and President Alcalá-Zamora forced his resignation in September 1933. Home rule was granted to Catalonia, with a local parliament and a president of its own. A moderate agrarian reform was carried out. In 1932 the Jesuits, who were in charge of the best schools throughout the country, were banned and had all their property confiscated. During this time, Manuel Azaña's government initiated numerous reforms to what in their view would modernize the country. However, fearing the increasingly popular opposition, the Radical and Socialist majority postponed the regular elections, prolonging their power for two more years. Once the constituent assembly had fulfilled its mandate of approving a new constitution, it inherently, by nature of being a parliament, would have arranged for regular parliamentary elections and adjourned.
The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the deposition of King Alfonso XIII and was dissolved on 1 April 1939 after surrendering in the Spanish Civil War to the Nationalists led by General Francisco Franco.Īfter the proclamation of the Republic, a provisional government was established until December 1931, at which time the 1931 Constitution was approved. The Spanish Republic (Spanish: República Española), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Spanish: Segunda República Española), was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. ^ Catalan was also official in Catalonia since 1932 as well as Basque in the Basque Country since 1936.^ In wartime, as Madrid was under siege since the Fall of 1936, Government moved to Valencia in 1936 and to Barcelona in 1937.
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